CWCA PRACTICE EXAM
PART 1
Question 1: Which combination most strongly supports venous insu�ciency as the primary cause of a lower-leg ulcer?
Choices:
1) Dry gangrene of a toe with absent pulses 2) Plantar callused ulcer with loss of sensation 3) Gaiter-area ulcer with edema, hemosiderin staining, and venous skin changes 4) Localized sacral injury after immobility Correct Answer: Gaiter-area ulcer with edema, hemosiderin staining, and venous skin changes
Explanation: Venous hypertension commonly produces lower-leg edema, hemosiderin
deposition, stasis skin changes, and ulcers in the gaiter region.Page 1
Question 2: How is the Braden Scale generally interpreted?
Choices:
1) A lower total score indicates greater pressure-injury risk 2) A higher total score always indicates greater risk 3) Only the moisture subscale determines risk 4) The scale is used to stage existing pressure injuries
Correct Answer: A lower total score indicates greater pressure-injury risk
Explanation: The Braden Scale estimates pressure-injury risk across several factors. Lower scores indicate increasing risk; it does not stage existing injuries.
Question 3: A patient with advanced kidney disease has marked lower-extremity
edema. How can edema impede wound healing?
Choices:
1) It permanently increases arterial in�ow 2) It increases interstitial di�usion distance and can compromise local oxygen exchange 3) It causes keratinocytes to stop dividing in all tissues 4) It converts venous blood into lymph Correct Answer: It increases interstitial di�usion distance and can compromise local oxygen exchange Explanation: Excess interstitial �uid increases tissue pressure and di�usion distance, which can impair oxygen and nutrient exchange and contribute to tissue fragility.Page 2
Question 4: Intact sacral skin has persistent nonblanchable erythema after pressure relief. How should this pressure injury be classi�ed?
Choices:
1) Stage 2 2) Stage 3 3) Unstageable 4) Stage 1
Correct Answer: Stage 1
Explanation: Stage 1 pressure injury is intact skin with localized nonblanchable erythema. Skin color changes may present di�erently in darker skin tones.Question 5: Which feature most strongly suggests a neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer?
Choices:
1) Painless plantar ulcer beneath a callused high-pressure area with loss of protective sensation 2) Painful punched-out ulcer on a cool toe with absent pulses 3) Shallow irregular ulcer near the medial ankle with edema and hemosiderin staining 4) Di�use moisture injury across the perineum after incontinence Correct Answer: Painless plantar ulcer beneath a callused high-pressure area with loss of protective sensation Explanation: Neuropathic ulcers commonly occur at plantar pressure points, often with callus and reduced protective sensation. Vascular status still must be assessed because mixed disease can occur.Page 3