Domestic violent extremists are individuals or small groups operating within a country who act out of a mix of personal grievances and ideological aims. Their violence is often fueled not just by a single belief, but by personal frustrations, perceived injustices, or identity threats that mingle with political, racial, or ideological motivations. This blend helps explain why they might act violently to “send a message” or advance goals that feel personally important to them, in addition to broader ideological objectives. International terrorists typically pursue transnational causes and are driven by broader ideologies or objectives that extend beyond their own country, rather than primarily by personal grievances. Political extremists focus mainly on extreme political aims driven by ideology, not necessarily by personal grievance. Radical activists pursue dramatic political change through activism and may or may not resort to violence, but the distinctive pattern described here—personal grievances fused with in-country, ideologically charged aims—best characterizes domestic violent extremists.