Analogies pair a word with the word for its young in the same species. Cat and kitten show that a young cat is a kitten. For cows, the young is a calf, so the missing term is calf. Other options refer to different roles: a bull is an adult male cow, a heifer is a young female cow, and calving is the act of giving birth, not a young animal.

Subtracting a small number from a larger one means look at the ones place and reduce that digit by the amount being subtracted. In 124, the ones digit is 4. Subtracting 4 brings that 4 down to 0, and the hundreds and tens stay the same. So you get 120. This matches the idea that 124 minus 4 equals 120. The other numbers would come from subtracting a different amount (for example, subtracting 6 would give 118, subtracting 0 would keep 124).

When a sequence follows one rule from one term to the next, you apply that rule to the current number. Here the rule is multiply by 3. From 9, multiplying by 3 gives 27, so the next number is 27. The other possibilities would come from different operations (for example, 12 would come from adding 3, 18 from multiplying by 2, and 36 from multiplying by 4), which do not match the given rule.

Air, food, water, and shelter show what you must have to stay alive. They are essential for survival because without them the body can’t function properly, and life wouldn’t continue. These needs are about physical safety and health, not about comfort or pleasure, and they apply to everyone regardless of circumstances. Other ideas like luxuries, entertainment, or social needs describe things that are nice to have or important for well-being, but not required to keep a person alive. Luxuries are additional comforts, entertainment is for enjoyment, and social needs relate to connections with people, which are important for happiness but don’t sustain life by themselves.