Cavitation in a propulsion seawater pump happens when the pressure at the pump’s inlet drops below the seawater’s vapor pressure. When that happens, tiny vapor bubbles form in the liquid, and as they move into higher-pressure areas they collapse, causing pitting, noise, vibration, and reduced pumping performance. The typical trigger in a seawater cooling setup is low suction pressure or flow restrictions in the intake. If the suction line or intake screen is blocked or has excessive friction losses, the pressure available at the pump inlet falls, so the pump experiences a lower net positive suction head than it needs (NPSH). When NPSH available is insufficient, cavitation begins. The remedy centers on increasing the net positive suction head available and reducing suction-side losses. Practically, this means cleaning the intake and strainer to remove obstructions, priming the pump if required, and reducing friction losses in the suction path (proper piping, avoiding sharp bends, adequate pipe size). It may also involve increasing the pump’s capacity (a larger pump) or adjusting operating speed to meet the flow demand without driving the suction pressure down. In short, ensure the pump can draw water without the suction pressure dipping to the vapor pressure of seawater. Note that cavitation is not caused by overheating, electrical faults, or high ambient temperature; those conditions affect other systems or components, not the suction-driven phenomenon responsible for cavitation.