Signals from a stimulus are detected by sensory receptors and converted into nerve impulses that travel along a sensory neurone toward the CNS. This neurone is specialized to carry information from the periphery to the brain or spinal cord, making it the sensory neurone. Inside the CNS, these impulses may be relayed by interneurons (relay neurones) to other neurons, such as motor neurones that carry impulses from the CNS to effectors like muscles. So the type of neuron that carries signals from sensory receptors to the CNS is the sensory neurone.

Homeostasis is about keeping the body's internal conditions steady even as the outside environment changes. For temperature, the body tries to stay around 37°C. When it gets too hot, cooling mechanisms kick in—sweating and vasodilation (blood vessels near the skin widen) to lose heat. When it’s too cold, warming responses occur—shivering and vasoconstriction (blood vessels narrow) to conserve heat. This regulation relies on negative feedback, where a deviation from the set point triggers responses that push the value back toward normal. The other ideas don’t fit because homeostasis isn’t about a constant rise in temperature, nor is it just a temporary change. It’s about maintaining a stable internal state, and it involves responses to both internal and external changes, not only external stimuli.

This question is about the direction in which nerve impulses travel inside a neuron. The part that carries impulses away from the cell body is the axon. Dendrites receive signals and bring them toward the cell body, so they don’t send impulses away. The nucleus sits in the cell body and contains the cell’s genetic material, not the transmission pathway. The myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up signal transmission, but it doesn’t determine the direction. When a neuron fires, the impulse starts near the cell body and travels along the axon to reach the synapse with another neuron or an effector cell.

Pancreatic control of blood sugar relies on hormones that lower or raise glucose levels. After eating, insulin is released from the pancreas (by beta cells). Insulin helps body cells take up glucose from the blood and signals the liver to store glucose as glycogen, so blood glucose falls. This makes the statement about insulin the correct one. In contrast, adrenaline comes from the adrenal glands and raises blood glucose during stress; glucagon is also produced by the pancreas but it increases, not decreases, blood glucose by promoting glucose release from the liver; and growth hormone is released by the pituitary gland and has growth and metabolic effects rather than pancreatic hormone action.