Question 1
Which statement is a disadvantage of Distance Vector routing algorithms?
Correct Answer:
They are always faster to converge than link-state.
Explanation:
Distance Vector routing relies on each router advertising its distance to destinations to its neighbors, often using hop count as the metric. A real drawback of this approach is that convergence can be slow and routing loops can occur while updates propagate through the network. The hop-count metric also limits scalability because it treats all links as equal and ignores factors like link speed, reliability, and subnet size. As networks grow, this makes distance-vector routing less suitable, since it can’t always represent optimal paths or prevent issues like loops without additional mechanisms. So, describing hop-count as a limiting factor that hampers large networks accurately captures the practical disadvantage of distance-vector routing. In contrast, the claim that these protocols’re always faster to converge than link-state isn’t true—link-state generally converges more quickly. The idea that they require zero memory is false, since routing tables need memory, and the notion that all versions support VLSM is incorrect because some versions do not.
Question 2
A late collision indicates that another system attempted to transmit after a host has transmitted at least the ______ bytes of its frame
Correct Answer:
First 64 bytes of the frame
Explanation:
In Ethernet networks that use CSMA/CD, devices listen before transmitting and detect collisions by sensing the line. To ensure a collision is detected while the first transmitter is still sending, Ethernet defines a minimum frame size. For traditional 10 Mbps Ethernet, that minimum is 64 bytes. If a second device starts transmitting after those first 64 bytes have already been sent, a collision can occur later in the frame; that is called a late collision. So the statement is referring to the first 64 bytes of the frame. The preamble is used for synchronization and isn’t counted toward the frame length that determines early vs late collisions, and the other options don’t match this standard 64-byte threshold.
Question 3
Routers utilizing OSPF use the ________________ to acquire neighbors and maintain link-state awareness.
Correct Answer:
Hello Protocol
Explanation:
In OSPF, discovering neighbors and keeping track of who’s on each link is done with Hello packets. Routers periodically send Hello messages on every OSPF-enabled interface to find potential neighbors, verify they can form an adjacency, and agree on parameters like timing and area information. If neighbors respond and match these settings, an adjacency is established and link-state information can be shared, enabling the SPF algorithm to build the network’s topology. Other terms don’t fit here because updates flood link-state information after neighbors are established, floods describe the spread of those updates, and there isn’t a separate keep-alive mechanism in this protocol.
Question 4
Switches are ______________ based and utilize ______________ to help them make filtering decisions.
Correct Answer:
Hardware, ASICs
Explanation:
The key idea is that switches achieve fast, reliable packet filtering and forwarding by using dedicated hardware. They rely on special silicon called ASICs to perform the essential decisions about where each packet should go, based on rules like MAC addresses, VLANs, and ACLs, all at line rate. This hardware-driven approach lets the switch process many packets in parallel with very low latency, which wouldn’t be feasible if the forwarding decisions were handled primarily by software on a general-purpose CPU or by slower microcontrollers. Firmware or microcontrollers are typically involved in configuring and managing the device, not in making the fast forwarding decisions themselves. In contrast, the control plane software runs on a processor to manage the switch’s configuration and tables, while the data plane—the actual filtering and forwarding—stays in hardware. AI accelerators or cloud-based processing aren’t used for the basic, deterministic filtering tasks performed by the ASICs in traditional switches.
Question 5
Cisco's hierarchical internetworking model consists of which three layers?
Correct Answer:
Core, Distribution, Access
Explanation:
Cisco's hierarchical model organizes the network into three layers to keep functions separate and scalable: Access, Distribution, and Core. The three layers in practice are Core, Distribution, and Access. The Core provides the fast, high-capacity backbone that forwards traffic with minimal policy processing. The Distribution layer sits between the access devices and the core, aggregating traffic from multiple access switches and enforcing routing, security, and QoS policies. The Access layer is where end-user devices connect, handling VLANs, port security, and basic switching. Because the question asks for the three layers of this model, the standard trio is Core, Distribution, and Access. Other labels like Edge, Backbone, or Aggregation don’t align with this canonical three-layer structure, so they aren’t the correct set.
Question 1
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Prepare with the Cyber Fundamentals Block 3 Practice Test practice quiz. This question bank includes 10 questions covering routing, algorithms, routers, term, and destination. Use it to review important concepts, identify knowledge gaps, and build confidence for the related exam, course, or assessment.

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Cyber Fundamentals Block 3 Practice Test

This practice set contains 10 questions from the matching question bank and focuses on routing, algorithms, routers, term, and destination. Work through each question carefully, review the provided solutions, and revisit topics that need more study before your next attempt.

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