A practical oncology nutrition plan rests on a thorough initial assessment, clear goal setting, and ongoing monitoring that allows timely adjustments. Start by screening for nutrition risk and gathering a full picture: recent intake patterns and dietary history, weight history and current measurements, and a concise symptom review that can affect eating (nausea, mucositis, taste changes, appetite loss). Include anthropometrics such as weight, height, BMI, and trends over time, and collect relevant labs and medical data to support decision making. While labs can help, they should complement, not replace, the overall assessment, since nutrition status in cancer is best judged by weight trajectory, intake, symptoms, and functional status alongside inflammation and comorbidities. From this assessment, set realistic energy and protein goals tailored to the patient’s cancer type, treatment plan, and catabolic risk. Common targets might be around adequate energy provision to support weight maintenance or gain and protein intakes sufficient to preserve lean mass, with adjustments for tolerance and goals. Decide on the most appropriate nutrition support route—continue with or optimize oral intake, add enteral nutrition if oral intake is insufficient, or pursue parenteral nutrition only when indicated—then implement the plan with the patient and care team, ensuring interventions are practical and patient-centered. Establish milestones to monitor progress, such as tracking weight trends, ensuring adequate oral intake and tolerance of therapy, and reassessing symptoms and therapy tolerance at regular intervals. Reassess and adjust the plan promptly as the cancer course and treatments evolve. This approach ensures early identification of malnutrition risk, aligns nutrition care with treatment goals, and supports better clinical and functional outcomes. Skipping the initial assessment, focusing only on protein, or delaying action until after therapy ends would miss essential information, over- or under-treat energy needs, and fail to address barriers to intake and therapy tolerance.