Religious identification in Australia shows a long-term shift toward no religious affiliation. The data reveal a clear rise from 6.7% in 1971 to 38.9% in 2021. This reflects broader social changes such as increasing secularization, greater acceptance of diverse beliefs, and more people choosing not to identify with any religion. It isn’t a story of landing at a mid-point or staying flat; it’s a pronounced upward trend across five decades. The other options would imply a decrease, little or no net change, or a constant level, which do not match the census-based trend.

The essential elements of Anointing of the Sick are the anointing with the Oil of the Sick on the forehead and on the hands, the prayers of the Church for healing, strength, and grace, and the ministry of a validly ordained priest. The oil signifies healing and spiritual strength given by the Holy Spirit, while the prayers request God’s grace for the person’s illness, their perseverance, and preparation for whatever lies ahead. The minister is normally a priest (a bishop or priest can perform it), with the accompanying nuance that in extraordinary circumstances a deacon may participate with proper permissions in some rites, especially when a priest isn’t available. The recipients are those who are seriously ill, the elderly, or those facing major surgery, rather than all Catholics regardless of circumstance.

The question is asking who served as the Anglican chaplain to the First Fleet and led the first Christian service in the new colony. Reverend Richard Johnson was appointed as the Church of England chaplain to the First Fleet and sailed with the ships in 1787–88. He conducted the first Anglican worship in the colony, soon after the fleet’s arrival, establishing the presence of Anglican ministry for settlers, marines, and convicts. The other names are Catholic priests and did not serve in this Anglican chaplaincy, so they aren’t who led that first service.

The phrases express the Real Presence: at the moment of consecration, the bread and wine are truly transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ, while retaining their outward appearances. This is the Church’s teaching that Jesus is truly present in the Eucharist, not merely symbolically. Who may pronounce them validly? A validly ordained priest or bishop is required to pronounce the words of institution and perform the consecration. Deacons do not confer the Eucharist by pronouncing these words, and laypeople do not have the authority to perform the consecration. The matter used is bread and wine, the form are the words of institution, and there must be the minister’s proper intention to do what the Church intends in the Eucharist.