Capacitance is inversely related to the plate separation. For a parallel-plate capacitor with area A and dielectric permittivity ε, C = εA/d. Keeping A and ε fixed, increasing the distance d lowers C in direct proportion. Physically, spreading the plates apart makes it harder to store the same charge at a given voltage, so the required voltage rises for the same Q, meaning C = Q/V decreases. It does not become infinite; it grows smaller as distance grows.

Primary flight controls that are manually operated rely on direct physical connections between the pilot’s controls and the control surfaces. This is achieved with mechanical linkages—cables, push-pull rods, and pulleys. When you move the stick or yoke, these linkages transmit that motion straight to the ailerons, elevators, and rudder, giving a direct and predictable control feel. Hydraulic pistons, pneumatic tubes, and electronic actuators are power-enabled ways to move surfaces, but they aren’t the mechanism by which manual input is transmitted. They can assist or replace the direct linkage in many aircraft, but the act of manual input is communicated through the mechanical linkages.

Ionization smoke detectors are chosen for small, enclosed spaces where a fast-flaming fire could develop and spread quickly, so early warning is crucial. Lavatories and electronics racks fit that description: they are compact, often enclosed areas where a flame could start from towels, paper, or electrical equipment and then rapid detection helps prevent a larger fire. The detector uses a small radioactive source to ionize the air; smoke disrupts the ion flow, triggering the alarm quickly in these intimate spaces. Other locations like galley areas can produce cooking smoke and steam that might cause nuisance alarms, and engine rooms or cargo holds rely on detectors appropriate to their harsher environments and different fire dynamics, so they aren’t the typical placement for this type in many aircraft configurations.

Ice protection systems on ATR aircraft are designed to keep the surfaces that interact most with the airflow ice-free and to prevent ice from clogging the engine intakes. The main idea is to protect critical surfaces and engine inlets with mechanisms that both prevent ice from forming and remove it if it starts to accumulate. On ATRs, wings and tail leading edges are heated (typically using bleed-air or electric heating) to stop ice from bonding to the surface, and the engine air intakes have their own anti-ice measures as well. The cockpit windscreen has its own heating for visibility, but icing protection isn’t limited to the cockpit alone. The system may also include ice detectors and automatic activation to ensure protection in flight, with procedures to shed any ice that does form. This comprehensive approach—protecting critical aerodynamic surfaces and engine inlets with preventive and responsive ice control—is why the description focusing on these features is the best fit.