Questions refer to the passage below. “I say: Promote the worthy and the capable without waiting for them to rise through the ranks. Dismiss the unfit and incapable without waiting for even a single moment... Transform the ordinary people without waiting for government controls. If social divisions are not yet set, then take control of illuminating the proper bonds. Even the sons and grandsons of kings, dukes, gentry, and grand ministers, if they cannot submit to ritual and yi, should be assigned the status of commoners. Even the sons and grandsons of commoners, if they accumulate culture and learning, correct their person and conduct, and can submit to ritual and yi, should be assigned the status of prime minister, gentry, or grand ministers. And so, for those engaging in vile teachings, vile doctrines, vile works, and vile skills, and for those among the common people who are rebellious and perverse, give them each an occupation and teach them, and take a while to wait for them.” Xunzi, Chinese philosopher, circa 250 B.C.E. Ideas similar to those in the passage have directly contributed to the implementation of which of the following by the Han dynasty?

Questions refer to the passage below. “I say: Promote the worthy and the capable without waiting for them to rise through the ranks. Dismiss the unfit and incapable without waiting for even a single moment... Transform the ordinary people without waiting for government controls. If social divisions are not yet set, then take control of illuminating the proper bonds. Even the sons and grandsons of kings, dukes, gentry, and grand ministers, if they cannot submit to ritual and yi, should be assigned the status of commoners. Even the sons and grandsons of commoners, if they accumulate culture and learning, correct their person and conduct, and can submit to ritual and yi, should be assigned the status of prime minister, gentry, or grand ministers. And so, for those engaging in vile teachings, vile doctrines, vile works, and vile skills, and for those among the common people who are rebellious and perverse, give them each an occupation and teach them, and take a while to wait for them.” Xunzi, Chinese philosopher, circa 250 B.C.E. According to the passage, Xunzi supported an approach to government that most clearly reflected the principles of

Questions refer to the following passage. “God spoke, and these were his words: I am the Lord your God who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. —You shall have no other god to set against me. You shall not make a carved image for yourself nor the likeness of anything in the heavens above, or on the earth below, or in the waters under the earth. —You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous god. I punish the children for the sins of the fathers to the third and fourth generations of those who hate me. But I keep faith with thousands, with those who love me and keep my commandments. —You shall not make wrong use of the name of the Lord your God; the Lord will not leave unpunished the man who misuses his name. —Remember to keep the Sabbath day holy. You have six days to labor and do all your work. But the seventh day is a Sabbath of the Lord your God; that day you shall not do any work, you, your son or your daughter, your slave or your slave-girl, your cattle or the alien within your gates; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and on the seventh day he rested. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and declared it holy. —Honor your father and your mother, that you may live long in the land which the Lord your God is giving you. —You shall not commit murder. —You shall not commit adultery. —You shall not steal. —You shall not give false evidence against your neighbor. —You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, his slave, his slave-girl, his ox, his [donkey], or anything that belongs to him.” Ten Commandments,” Old Testament of the Bible, Exodus 20:1–17 Ideas similar to those expressed in the passage directly contributed to which of the following in the period 600– 1450 C.E.?

Questions refer to the following passage. “God spoke, and these were his words: I am the Lord your God who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. —You shall have no other god to set against me. You shall not make a carved image for yourself nor the likeness of anything in the heavens above, or on the earth below, or in the waters under the earth. —You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous god. I punish the children for the sins of the fathers to the third and fourth generations of those who hate me. But I keep faith with thousands, with those who love me and keep my commandments. —You shall not make wrong use of the name of the Lord your God; the Lord will not leave unpunished the man who misuses his name. —Remember to keep the Sabbath day holy. You have six days to labor and do all your work. But the seventh day is a Sabbath of the Lord your God; that day you shall not do any work, you, your son or your daughter, your slave or your slave-girl, your cattle or the alien within your gates; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and on the seventh day he rested. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and declared it holy. —Honor your father and your mother, that you may live long in the land which the Lord your God is giving you. —You shall not commit murder. —You shall not commit adultery. —You shall not steal. —You shall not give false evidence against your neighbor. —You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, his slave, his slave-girl, his ox, his [donkey], or anything that belongs to him.” Ten Commandments,” Old Testament of the Bible, Exodus 20:1–17 The passage best illustrates which of the following patterns in the period 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.?