Metacognition is awareness of and control over your own thinking and learning processes. It means knowing what you know about how you learn, and using that knowledge to plan, monitor, and adjust your approaches as you study or solve problems. This definition captures the essence because metacognition includes both recognizing what strategies help you understand something (knowledge about cognition) and actively managing your thinking while learning (regulation of cognition). Saying you know about your own thinking is exactly what helps you decide when to skim a text, when to slow down and re-read, or when to change a problem-solving approach. For example, when you read a challenging paragraph, a metacognitive reader will notice if comprehension is slipping, pause to paraphrase, ask questions, and decide to reread or seek help. That self-check and adjustment illustrate planning, monitoring, and evaluating your own thinking. The other options describe memory, language skills, or physical actions, which are related to cognition but do not capture the self-reflective, strategic aspect that metacognition entails.

Register is about the level of formality in language depending on the situation. Everyday talk among friends uses an informal, relaxed style called the casual register. You’ll hear contractions, slang, and familiar speech patterns that assume a shared background and comfort. Among the choices, the term that best matches this casual style is the one labeled as causal, which aligns with casual language even though it’s typically spelled casual. The other terms point to different social contexts: formal is official or ceremonial speech, intimate is language used with very close relationships and private vocabulary, and consultative sits in between formal and casual, like in teacher–student or advisor–client conversations.

The main idea here is how relative clauses attach to a noun to give more detail. The clause who could surf but who was afraid to swim describes someone, and it follows the noun that it’s describing. That noun is a girl—the head of the noun phrase after the verb. The relative pronoun who points back to that noun, not to Ella as a whole or to the verbs themselves. So the word the relative clauses refer to is girl.

Dithyramb is the term for a choral song performed in ancient Greek drama that describes the adventures of a god or heroic figure. These wild, ecstatic choruses were originally sung in honor of Dionysus and often told mythic stories, serving as a direct precursor to tragedy as a dramatic form. The other terms refer to different kinds of songs not specifically tied to this dramatic ritual: a paean is a thanksgiving song, typically directed at Apollo; an ode is a general lyrical poem or song; a hymn is a religious praise song. Dithyramb uniquely captures the Dionysian choral tradition that centers mythic adventures within early Greek drama.