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Question 1
A 4-year-old boy presents with pallor, lethargy, fever, and diffuse petechiae. Bone marrow aspirate confirms precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). Cytogenetic analysis reveals a t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation. Which gene fusion is formed by this translocation, and what is its prognostic significance?
Correct Answer:
ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1); favorable prognosis
Question 2
A 13-year-old adolescent boy presents with a 2-week history of worsening shortness of breath, facial puffiness, orthopnoea, and venous distension over the upper chest. Chest radiograph demonstrates a massive anterior mediastinal mass with left pleural effusion. Full blood count reveals WBC 145 x 10^9/L with 85% circulating blasts. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer:
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL)
Question 3
Minimal residual disease (MRD) measurement at the end of induction chemotherapy is the most powerful post-treatment prognostic marker in paediatric ALL. What threshold measured by flow cytometry or quantitative PCR is standardly used to define MRD negativity?
Correct Answer:
Less than 0.01% (< 1 in 10,000 cells / 10^-4)
Question 4
A 6-month-old infant is diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Immunophenotyping shows CD19+, CD22+, HLA-DR+, but CD10 (CALLA) negative blasts. Which molecular genetic alteration is found in over 70-80% of infant ALL cases and accounts for its dismal prognosis?
Correct Answer:
KMT2A (MLL) gene rearrangement on chromosome 11q23
Question 5
An 8-year-old boy presents with rapid abdominal distension, ascites, and an ileocecal mass causing intussusception. Biopsy reveals medium-sized lymphoid cells with amphophilic cytoplasm, multiple nucleoli, a high mitotic index (>99% Ki-67 positivity), and interspersed tingible body macrophages ('starry-sky' pattern). What is the characteristic chromosomal translocation?
Correct Answer:
t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocating MYC to the IGH heavy chain locus
Question 1
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Prepare with the Cert Medical Oncology(SA) Paed Practice Questions - CMSA Sub-specialty Certificate in Medical Oncology Cert Medical Oncology(SA) Paed - South Africa Exam practice quiz. This question bank includes 100 questions covering year-old, presents, mass, biopsy, and reveals. Use it to review important concepts, identify knowledge gaps, and build confidence for the related exam, course, or assessment.

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Cert Medical Oncology(SA) Paed Practice Questions - CMSA Sub-specialty Certificate in Medical Oncology Cert Medical Oncology(SA) Paed - South Africa Exam

This practice set contains 100 questions from the matching question bank and focuses on year-old, presents, mass, biopsy, and reveals. Work through each question carefully, review the provided solutions, and revisit topics that need more study before your next attempt.

This is an independent study resource intended for practice and review; it is not an official examination or an endorsement by any organization named in the title.

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