The main idea here is the Big Five personality model, also known as the Five-Factor Model. This framework describes five broad personality dimensions, including Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The term that names the theoretical model linking Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion (along with the other two dimensions) and credits the researchers who popularized it is Costa and McCrae's Big Five traits. Using this phrasing directly points to the established model itself, not to any single trait. The other options don’t fit because Openness and Extraversion are individual dimensions, not the overall model, and Formal education has no relation to this personality framework.

The idea being tested is terminology for miscarriages by how far along the pregnancy is. A loss that happens after the first trimester but before viability is described as a late miscarriage. The window of 12 to 20 weeks fits this category, placing it after early pregnancy losses (which occur before 12 weeks) and before stillbirth (which is defined as fetal death after about 20 weeks). Recurrent miscarriage refers to multiple pregnancy losses, not the timing of a single loss. So the described scenario is best labeled a late miscarriage.

Stereotypes about aging are a form of ageism, capturing the biased belief that older people are weak or incompetent. The phrase “stereotypical ageism” targets the stereotype itself—the overgeneralized image people hold about a group—rather than specific actions or the broader system. While ageism can appear in attitudes, behaviors, or institutions, this item focuses on a belief about older adults, which is why the best label is stereotypes of aging, or “stereotypical ageism.” The other terms describe either the broader concept of ageism (without focusing on the stereotype) or its manifestations in personal interactions or institutional structures.

Semantic memory is the memory type that holds general knowledge and vocabulary. It stores facts about the world, meanings of words, concepts, and meanings that aren’t tied to a specific time or place. When you know that Paris is the capital of France or you understand the definition of a word, you’re using semantic memory. This contrasts with episodic memory, which is about personal experiences and events you’ve lived through (like a birthday party or a trip), and with working memory, which involves holding and manipulating information in the short term (such as remembering a phone number long enough to dial it). Autobiographical memory is a subset of episodic memory focused on your own life events. So for general knowledge and vocabulary, semantic memory is the best fit.