Question 1
In which year did the Central Arizona Project begin operation?
Correct Answer:
1990
Explanation:
The Central Arizona Project began operation in 1973. However, to understand the relevance of the dates provided in the multiple-choice options, it's important to acknowledge that the project has had various phases and developments over the years. The Central Arizona Project is a major water supply system that conveys water from the Colorado River to central and southern Arizona. It was created to address the water demands of the region, and significant portions of the project were completed and began to supply water effectively during the years following its initial construction. While the options suggest the late 1980s to early 2000s as starting points for operation activities, the most notable expansion and operational milestones happened around that time but were initially established earlier. Therefore, while the selected year might resonate with certain operational phases or achievements, the Central Arizona Project's primary operations began in the earlier year of 1973.
Question 2
What did the period of 1970-1980 highlight regarding air and water purity?
Correct Answer:
There was a necessity to reclaim environmental purity
Explanation:
The period of 1970-1980 marked a significant turning point in environmental awareness, particularly regarding air and water purity. During this decade, there was a growing consciousness about the impact of pollution on health and the environment, highlighted by numerous environmental disasters and the rise of the environmental movement. The notion that there was a necessity to reclaim environmental purity became increasingly prominent as activists, scientists, and policymakers recognized the detrimental effects of industrial pollutants and urban runoff on ecosystems and public health. Legislation such as the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act was enacted during this time, reinforcing the belief that government intervention was necessary to address environmental issues. Public demand for cleaner air and water stemmed from the visible degradation of natural resources and increasing reports linking pollution to health problems. Thus, this period underscored the urgent need to restore and protect the environment, prompting profound changes in policy and public attitudes toward environmental stewardship.
Question 3
How is an aquifer defined?
Correct Answer:
A geological formation that can store and transmit groundwater
Explanation:
An aquifer is defined as a geological formation that can store and transmit groundwater. This definition captures the critical aspects of an aquifer, which is its ability to hold water within its pore spaces and allow that water to flow through the material. Aquifers typically consist of permeable rock or sediment, such as sandstone or gravel, which permits water movement. This characteristic is essential for the functioning of aquifers, as it allows them to supply water to wells and springs, significantly contributing to the groundwater supply used for drinking, irrigation, and various other applications. Understanding the function and significance of aquifers helps in the management and protection of vital groundwater resources that are essential for sustainability and ecological balance.
Question 4
Which of the following is necessary for calculating discharge in Darcy's Law?
Correct Answer:
Cross-sectional area
Explanation:
Calculating discharge using Darcy's Law requires understanding how fluid moves through porous media. The formula for Darcy's Law is: \[ Q = k \cdot A \cdot \frac{\Delta h}{L} \] In this equation, discharge (Q) is directly related to the cross-sectional area (A) through which the fluid flows. The cross-sectional area is crucial because it determines the volume of fluid that can pass through a given section of the material over a certain period. A larger area allows more fluid to flow through, increasing the discharge rate, while a smaller area reduces it. The other options may be related to water movement or properties of the sediment, but they do not directly influence the calculation of discharge in the context of Darcy's Law. For example, tube thickness, water temperature, and silt content may affect permeability or hydraulic gradients, but they are not part of the basic formula needed to calculate discharge itself. Therefore, the cross-sectional area is an essential component in understanding and applying Darcy's Law effectively.
Question 5
What is the primary source of severe nitrogen loading as indicated on certain maps?
Correct Answer:
Agricultural fertilization
Explanation:
The primary source of severe nitrogen loading in various water systems is agricultural fertilization. This occurs when fertilizers, which are rich in nitrogen, are applied to crops to enhance growth and yields. Rainfall and irrigation can lead to the runoff of excess fertilizers into nearby waterways, significantly increasing nitrogen levels in those bodies of water. This process can result in a variety of environmental issues, including eutrophication, where nutrient overloads cause excessive algae growth that depletes oxygen in the water and harms aquatic life. While urban runoff, industrial waste, and sewage discharge can also contribute to nitrogen loading, their impact is often less significant in comparison to the extensive use of fertilizers in agriculture. Agricultural practices are widespread and often involve large amounts of nitrogen application, making them a major contributor to nutrient pollution in surface and groundwater.
Question 1
Exam overview

About this Exam

The ASU GLG108 Water Planet course is a foundational exploration of Earth's hydrosphere, examining the distribution, movement, chemistry, and geological role of water. It is designed for undergraduate students across various majors, offering key insights into Earth system science. The course aims to build a robust scientific understanding of how water shapes our planet and sustains life, as well as the environmental challenges facing global water resources today. Midterm 2 specifically tests your grasp of the processes that govern freshwater systems, from the water stored beneath our feet to the massive ice sheets shaping the polar regions. Success in this exam requires not just rote memorization, but the ability to apply geological concepts to real-world scenarios.

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What the Course Entails and Exam Details

Midterm 2 in GLG108 generally covers the second third of the semester's curriculum. While specific syllabi may vary slightly by instructor (e.g., Dr. Arran McDonald, Dr. Kelin Whipple), the core topics for the second midterm consistently include:

  • Groundwater Systems: Understanding the hydrologic cycle's subsurface component, including porosity, permeability, aquifers (confined and unconfined), the water table, Darcy's Law, and groundwater flow velocities.
  • Groundwater Usage and Contamination: Examining how humans utilize groundwater, the consequences of over-pumping (subsidence, cone of depression, saltwater intrusion), and sources and remediation of groundwater contamination.
  • Fluvial (River) Systems: Studying stream flow characteristics, drainage basins (watersheds), sediment transport (bedload, suspended load, dissolved load), and the evolution of river valleys (meanders, braided streams, floodplains).
  • Glaciers and Glaciation: Learning about the formation of glaciers (continental ice sheets and alpine glaciers), glacial movement, erosion, and depositional landforms (moraines, eskers, drumlins).
  • Climate Change and the Hydrosphere: Connecting the dots between global climate patterns, glacial activity, sea-level rise, and the overall impact on the global water budget.

The exam is designed to test your ability to define key terms, explain geological processes, interpret diagrams and maps (especially topographic and groundwater maps), and perform simple calculations related to water flow and usage.

 

What to Expect in the Final Exam

The format for the GLG108 Midterm 2 is typically a proctored, closed-book exam administered via ASU's learning management system, Canvas. The exam must be taken either in person at an ASU testing center or remotely using a designated online proctoring service (such as Honorlock or Respondus Monitor), as specified by your instructor.

  • Exam Format: The midterm usually consists of 40–50 questions. These are primarily multiple-choice and true/false, but may also include matching sections, short-answer questions, or diagram-based questions where you must identify features on an image (e.g., parts of an aquifer, types of river channels).
  • Time Limit: Students are generally given 50 to 75 minutes to complete the midterm. This requires you to be well-prepared and able to answer questions efficiently.
  • Passing Score: While there is no single "passing score" for a midterm exam, a score of 70% or higher is typically considered a solid grasp of the material. Your score contributes to your overall course grade, so maximizing your points is essential.
  • Rules: The exam is strictly individual. You are not permitted to use notes, textbooks, the internet, or communicate with others during the test. A simple, non-graphing calculator may be allowed for specific calculation-based questions (check your instructor's specific guidelines).

 

 How to Study and Exam Centers

To excel on the GLG108 Midterm 2, a multi-faceted study approach is most effective:

  • Review Course Materials: Re-read the relevant chapters in your textbook and thoroughly review all lecture slides and notes. Pay close attention to bolded terms, diagrams, and concepts emphasized by your instructor.
  • Utilize Practice Exams: This is one of the most effective study strategies. If your instructor or the course provides a "Midterm 2 Practice Exam," take it multiple times. Treat it like the real exam—without notes—to identify your weak areas. Understand why the correct answers are correct and why the incorrect ones are wrong.
  • Master the Diagrams: Many questions will be based on diagrams. Be sure you can draw and label key features, such as the water table relative to topography, a confined aquifer system, a meandering river cross-section, and the zones of an alpine glacier.
  • Understand the "Why" and "How": Don't just memorize definitions. Understand the processes. For example, know how a cone of depression forms, why urbanization increases flood risk, and what geological evidence indicates past glaciation.
  • Form Study Groups: Discussing complex concepts like Darcy's Law or glacial budgets with classmates can solidify your understanding and reveal gaps in your knowledge.

Exam Centers and Proctoring:

For ASU Online students or those taking the course through ASU Sync, Midterm 2 will typically be proctored remotely. You will need a computer, a webcam, a microphone, and a stable internet connection. Ensure you have the necessary software (e.g., Honorlock extension) installed and tested well before the exam date. For students on the Tempe, Polytechnic, or West campuses, the exam may be scheduled at an official ASU Testing and Evaluation Services center. You must check your course Canvas page and specific instructor announcements for the exact location, date, and time, and you may be required to reserve your seat in advance.

 

Job Opportunities from the Course

While GLG108 is an introductory course, the knowledge gained lays the groundwork for numerous career paths in environmental science, geology, civil engineering, and public policy. Understanding Earth's water systems is crucial for addressing global challenges. This course is a stepping stone toward careers such as:

  • Hydrogeologist: Studying the distribution and flow of groundwater.
  • Hydrologist: Analyzing the cycle, distribution, and quality of water resources.
  • Environmental Scientist: Assessing environmental impacts and developing solutions for pollution.
  • Water Resource Manager: Planning and managing water supply and distribution systems.
  • Geologist: Investigating Earth's processes, materials, and history.
  • Environmental Policy Analyst: Developing regulations and policies related to water use and conservation.
  • Sustainability Coordinator: Implementing sustainable practices within organizations, often focusing on water conservation.

By thoroughly preparing for your GLG108 Midterm 2, you are not only aiming for a top grade but also building the foundational knowledge necessary for a meaningful career dedicated to protecting our most precious resource: water.

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