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AAMI Anatomy 1 Practice Exam

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Within the pancreas, which cells produce insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose?
Correct Answer:
Islets of Langerhans
Explanation:
The pancreas’ endocrine tissue sits in the Islets of Langerhans, where the hormone-secreting cells reside. In these islets, insulin is produced by beta cells and glucagon by alpha cells (with delta cells making somatostatin). Insulin lowers blood glucose by helping cells take up glucose and store it, while glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glucose release from the liver. These hormones enter the bloodstream to regulate systemic glucose levels. The exocrine portion of the pancreas—acinar cells that produce digestive enzymes and duct cells that transport them—handles digestion, not glucose regulation. Hepatocytes are liver cells, not pancreatic hormone producers.

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