Development Geography Practice Test

The contrast in how countries use trade policy sits at the heart of this item: import substitution industrialization relies on protecting domestic industries to substitute imports with locally produced goods, while export-oriented industrialization pushes production for foreign markets and champions exporting goods to international buyers. ISI uses tools like tariffs and other barriers to shield new domestic firms from competition, encouraging them to grow without competing with established imports. In contrast, export-oriented strategies focus on becoming efficient and competitive enough to sell abroad, often relying on openness to international markets and policies that support exporters. So the statement that ISI promotes domestic industries via tariffs and EOI concentrates on exporting goods to international markets captures these distinct approaches. The other choices mix up which strategy emphasizes protection versus exports, or wrongly claim both focus on import substitution or that ISI eliminates international trade.