Glucose Management Practice Test

Which of the following is a GLP-1 receptor agonist?

Exenatide Metformin Sitagliptin Glyburide

Correct Answer:

Exenatide

Explanation:

GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic the action of the natural incretin GLP-1 by directly activating the GLP-1 receptor. This leads to glucose-dependent enhancement of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon, slower gastric emptying, and often weight loss. Exenatide is a synthetic analogue of GLP-1, so it fits this mechanism exactly. The other drugs act differently: Metformin lowers hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity rather than activating GLP-1 receptors. Sitagliptin inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme, which slows the breakdown of endogenous GLP-1, increasing its levels but not directly activating GLP-1 receptors itself. Glyburide, a sulfonylurea, stimulates insulin release by closing KATP channels in beta cells, independent of GLP-1 receptor signaling.

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