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Machinery Mate Test 1 Practice

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Which of the following describes the process where water or solvent moves through a semipermeable barrier from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration?
Correct Answer:
Osmosis
Explanation:
Osmosis is the movement of solvent, typically water, across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. The membrane allows water to pass but restricts most solutes, so water flows toward the side with more dissolved particles to dilute it and balance concentrations. This flow is driven by the difference in chemical potential of water, often described as osmotic pressure, and continues until an equilibrium is reached or countered by hydrostatic pressure. The other terms refer to different processes: diffusion involves solutes spreading from high to low concentration, filtration is pressure-driven passage through a membrane, and permeation is a general term for substances crossing a barrier.

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