PMT4810 Preventive Medicine (PM) Practitioner Certification Practice Exam

Reinforcement Theory is built on the idea that behavior is shaped by its consequences. When a behavior is followed by a positive outcome or the removal of an unpleasant condition, that behavior becomes more likely to occur again; or when a behavior is followed by punishment, it becomes less likely. This explanation is captured by saying behavior is shaped by reinforcement, which is exactly what the correct answer states. The other descriptions miss the learning-from-consequences aspect: genetic predisposition points to biology rather than learned consequences; motivation being purely cognitive ignores how rewards and punishments influence behavior; and saying punishments are the only reward contradicts the idea that reinforcement includes both rewards and punishments that guide behavior.