Neurons, Nervous System, And Signal Transmission Practice Test

Which describes the glial cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Astrocytes regulate the blood-brain barrier Schwann cells myelinate PNS axons Microglia provide myelin in CNS Satellite cells regulate neuronal microenvironment

Correct Answer:

Schwann cells myelinate PNS axons

Explanation:

In the peripheral nervous system, the glial cell responsible for insulating axons is the Schwann cell. They wrap around an axon and lay down the myelin sheath, which speeds up electrical signaling along the nerve fiber. This direct role in forming myelin for PNS axons is what makes the statement about Schwann cells myelinating PNS axons the best description. Astrocytes belong to the central nervous system and help regulate the blood-brain barrier and ion balance there, not in the peripheral nerves. Microglia are the CNS immune cells and do not form myelin. Satellite cells in the PNS surround neuron cell bodies and regulate the neuronal microenvironment, but they aren’t responsible for myelination.

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