68D 101 Operating Room Specialist Practice Test

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Which cellular structure is the site of protein synthesis?
Correct Answer:
Ribosomes
Explanation:
Proteins are made by ribosomes, the cellular machines that translate genetic instructions into amino acid sequences. They can float freely in the cytoplasm or be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where newly formed proteins are prepared for their specific destinations. Mitochondria mainly generate energy and have their own ribosomes for some internal proteins, but they aren’t the general site of protein synthesis. The nucleus houses DNA and is where transcription occurs, while the Golgi apparatus processes and ships proteins after synthesis. So the actual site of protein synthesis is the ribosome.

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