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AP Retrieval Practice Test

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What structure is responsible for separating chromosomes during mitosis?
Correct Answer:
Spindle fibers
Explanation:
The structure that separates chromosomes during mitosis is the spindle apparatus, a network of microtubules and other proteins that forms around the cell's centrosomes. Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores at the centromeres of chromosomes and pull the sister chromatids apart during anaphase, guiding each set toward opposite poles. This orchestrated movement ensures that two genetically identical daughter cells receive the correct number of chromosomes. The nuclear envelope, which surrounds the nucleus, breaks down to allow spindle access but does not itself separate chromosomes. Golgi apparatus and lysosomes handle trafficking and digestion tasks in the cell and are not involved in pulling chromatids apart during mitosis.

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