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DOST Science Practice Exam

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What process do ribosomes perform by translating mRNA and using tRNA to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide?
Correct Answer:
Transcription
Explanation:
Translation is the process being described. Here, ribosomes read the message carried by mRNA and use transfer RNA to bring in the correct amino acids. Each tRNA matches a codon on the mRNA with its anticodon, ensuring the amino acids are added in the right order. The ribosome then links these amino acids together with peptide bonds, forming a growing polypeptide chain that becomes a protein after folding. Transcription, by contrast, is the copying of DNA into messenger RNA and is not carried out by ribosomes. Replication copies DNA itself, and mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence.

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