Physical Rehabilitation Practice Test

What is the primary mechanism by which TENS reduces pain as described?

Sensory stimulation closes the gate to pain Deep tissue heating Strong motor contractions relieve pain Nerve block permanently eliminates pain

Correct Answer:

Sensory stimulation closes the gate to pain

Explanation:

The main concept is that TENS reduces pain by modulating spinal pain signals through gate control. When TENS delivers sensory-level stimulation, it activates large-diameter A-beta fibers, which in turn excite inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This dampens the transmission of pain signals carried by small-diameter A-delta and C fibers to the brain, lowering pain perception. This analgesia is temporary and depends on ongoing stimulation. Deep tissue heating, strong motor contractions, or a permanent nerve block are not how TENS produces relief.

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