HESI Cardiology Practice Exam

The normal range for blood pressure in adults is defined as being around 120/80 mmHg. This value is often cited as the standard for optimal health and is used by healthcare providers to assess an individual's cardiovascular risk. Systolic pressure, the top number (120 mmHg in this case), represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood. Diastolic pressure, the bottom number (80 mmHg), indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. When both numbers fall within this range, it suggests that the cardiovascular system is functioning well and that there is a lower risk for heart disease and stroke. When blood pressure readings are lower, such as 110/70 mmHg, while still generally acceptable, they can be on the lower end of the spectrum, suggesting a need for monitoring, particularly if accompanied by symptoms of hypotension like dizziness or fatigue. Higher readings, like 130/90 mmHg or 140/90 mmHg, indicate stages of elevated blood pressure and may classify as hypertension, requiring lifestyle changes or management to prevent health complications.