PANCE Cardiology Practice Test

What is the most common congenital heart disease?

Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Tetralogy of Fallot

Correct Answer:

Ventricular septal defect

Explanation:

Understanding prevalence helps here: ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart defect. It is a hole in the wall between the heart’s lower chambers, which allows a left-to-right shunt. Many small VSDs close on their own as the child grows, while larger ones can cause symptoms from heart failure and pulmonary overcirculation if not addressed. Atrial septal defects are relatively common too, but not as frequent as VSDs. Patent ductus arteriosus is especially common in premature infants, yet it does not exceed VSD in overall frequency. Tetralogy of Fallot is much less common than VSD. That’s why this defect is the best answer.

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