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Nucleus – Structure And Function Practice Test

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What is the basic structural unit of chromatin?
Correct Answer:
The basic structural unit of chromatin, consisting of proteins and DNA.
Explanation:
The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, formed when about 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a core of histone proteins (an octamer made up of two copies of each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). This packaging allows long DNA molecules to be compacted inside the nucleus and, through further folding, into higher-order structures that regulate access to genetic information. The presence of DNA with histones distinguishes chromatin from other cellular components, and this arrangement influences which genes can be transcribed. The other options describe components unrelated to chromatin structure: lipid droplets store fats, a single RNA molecule is a gene product, and a protein complex that binds membranes relates to membranes rather than chromatin.

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