DNA Structure, Function, And Replication In Biology Practice Test

What are protein-coding genes responsible for?

They catalyze chemical reactions in the cytoplasm. They provide instructions for making proteins. They store cellular energy. They become part of the cell membrane.

Correct Answer:

They provide instructions for making proteins.

Explanation:

Protein-coding genes contain the instructions to build proteins. Their DNA sequence is transcribed into messenger RNA, which is then translated by ribosomes to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids, producing a protein. The information in these genes directly determines the identity and sequence of the protein product, guiding how the cell functions. Others describe what proteins can do or what the cell uses for energy, not what the genes themselves encode. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions, energy storage is handled by molecules like ATP and fats, and while some proteins end up in membranes, genes themselves don’t become part of the membrane—the proteins they encode may.

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