Advanced Higher Statistics Practice Questions - Advanced Higher Statistics (Qualifications Scotland SCQF Level 7) Exam

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A study compares exam results of students who voluntarily attended extra evening tutoring sessions against those who did not attend. Why cannot causal inferences be drawn directly from this study?

It is an observational study subject to confounding variables such as student motivation The sample size is inherently too small to permit statistical inference Observational studies can never yield statistically significant p-values Tutoring sessions are ethically prohibited from being evaluated statistically

Correct Answer:

It is an observational study subject to confounding variables such as student motivation

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