Certified Specialist In Oncology Nutrition (CSO) Practice Exam

Addressing sarcopenia and polypharmacy in older adults with cancer requires a targeted, multidisciplinary nutrition plan. Combat muscle loss by ensuring energy needs are met and protein quality is high, since adequate calories spare protein for muscle maintenance and repair, and leucine-rich, high-quality protein supports muscle protein synthesis. Distribute protein intake across meals and consider convenient, palatable forms to meet goals. When swallowing issues are present, adjust textures and consistencies (e.g., thicker liquids, purees) and involve speech-language pathology to enable safe, adequate intake while maintaining enjoyment. Polypharmacy increases the risk of drug–nutrient interactions, so the nutrition plan should include reviewing medications with the healthcare team, timing nutrient intake appropriately, and avoiding unnecessary supplements that could interact with treatments. Coordinating care with geriatric specialists and other providers ensures nutrition goals align with functional status, treatment plan, and overall goals of care, making the approach comprehensive and individualized.