Australian Year 10 Civics Practice Test

Voters rank candidates in order of preference rather than voting for just one candidate. In Australian elections, you place a first choice, then a second, and so on. After counting, if a candidate has a majority of the votes, they win. If no one has a majority, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and their ballots are redistributed to the remaining candidates based on the next preference shown on each ballot. This process continues, transferring votes from the least successful candidate to the next preferred candidate, until one candidate has a majority and is elected. This system helps ensure the winner has broad support and reduces the impact of vote splitting. It’s different from first-past-the-post and from proportional representation, which tally seats in other ways. (For the Senate, Australia uses a different proportional method, but preferential transfer ideas still underpin how votes are reallocated.)