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A2 Genetic Control Of Proteins And Control Of Gene Expression Practice Test

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During translation, what is the role of tRNA?
Correct Answer:
Brings amino acids to ribosome.
Explanation:
tRNA acts as the adaptor that delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome as the genetic code is read. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that base-pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA. This pairing ensures the ribosome adds the proper amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. The amino acid is attached to the tRNA by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ensuring fidelity. As translation proceeds, tRNA molecules enter at the ribosome’s active site, donate their amino acids, and exit, allowing the next tRNA to bring in its amino acid. tRNA does not synthesize mRNA, replicate DNA, or transport ribosomes.

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