5330 Counseling Skills Practice Test

Bolman and Deal identified four frames of leadership. They are:

structural, human resource, political, and symbolic. systemic, collaborative, adminstrative, and support. structural, collaborative, political, and administrative. systemic, human resource, administrative, and symbolic.

Correct Answer:

structural, human resource, political, and symbolic.

Explanation:

Bolman and Deal use four lenses to understand leadership and organizations: the structural lens (design, roles, rules), the human resource lens (people, needs, motivation, relationships), the political lens (power, conflict, coalitions), and the symbolic lens (culture, meaning, rituals, symbols). The option that lists these four exactly fits their model, making it the best answer. Other options mix in terms not part of their four frames, such as systemic, collaborative, administrative, or support, which shifts the framework away from Bolman and Deal’s approach. Recognizing these four lenses helps explain why a situation looks different depending on which perspective you apply, guiding more nuanced leadership decisions.

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