Senses, Endocrine, Blood, Heart, And Reproductive System Practice Test

RBC destruction leads to hemolytic anemia. When red cells are broken down faster than the marrow can replace them, the body mounts a rapid production response, so you see an elevated reticulocyte count. Destruction releases hemoglobin, which is processed into bilirubin (causing possible jaundice) and binds free hemoglobin, lowering haptoglobin. LDH rises as cells break apart. On a smear, you may see fragmented or abnormal red cells depending on the cause. This pattern of increased destruction and a compensatory rise in reticulocytes distinguishes it from production problems or loss from bleeding. Pernicious anemia is due to B12 deficiency affecting DNA synthesis and RBC production; aplastic anemia is bone marrow failure with reduced production of all blood cells; hemorrhagic anemia results from loss of blood rather than destruction of circulating RBCs.