HSC Science Extension Practice Questions - HSC Science Extension (NSW Higher School Certificate) Exam

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A researcher observes 500 white swans across various lakes in Australia and concludes: 'All swans are white.' What mode of reasoning was used, and what is its main logical vulnerability?

Deductive reasoning; vulnerable to invalid logical premises Inductive reasoning; vulnerable to being refuted by a single counter-observation Abductive reasoning; vulnerable to inaccurate initial statistical calculations Hypothetico-deductive reasoning; vulnerable to confirmation bias

Correct Answer:

Inductive reasoning; vulnerable to being refuted by a single counter-observation

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