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General Diagnoses Practice Test

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A patient with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue with hyperglycemia is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Correct Answer:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis
Explanation:
New-onset autoimmune Type 1 diabetes presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis is suggested by this combination of symptoms: frequent urination and thirst from hyperglycemia, plus weight loss and fatigue reflecting a catabolic state when insulin is deficient. In Type 1, the lack of insulin allows glucose to remain in the blood and drives the body to break down fats for energy, producing ketones and potentially leading to ketoacidosis. This pattern fits best with Type 1 diabetes with DKA. Type 2 diabetes often presents later with obesity and insulin resistance, and ketoacidosis at diagnosis is less common. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. MODY is a genetic form that usually presents earlier but does not typically present with ketoacidosis.

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