Afghanistan Pharmacy Technician Exit Exam Practice Questions - Afghanistan Pharmacy Technician Exit Exam (Institutes Of Health Sciences) Exam

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A 58-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin. Which of the following statements correctly describes its primary mechanism of action and major clinical safety precaution?

Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells; carries a high risk of profound hypoglycemia Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral insulin sensitivity; contraindicated in severe renal impairment due to risk of lactic acidosis Inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase enzymes; requires dose reduction in chronic liver cirrhosis Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) in proximal renal tubules; carries a risk of urinary tract infections

Correct Answer:

Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral insulin sensitivity; contraindicated in severe renal impairment due to risk of lactic acidosis

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