Cert Neonatology(SA) Paed Practice Questions - Sub-specialty Certificate In Neonatology Of The College Of Paediatricians Of South Africa Exam

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A 28-week preterm infant develops grunting, nasal flaring, tachypnea, and intercostal retractions 30 minutes after birth. An anteroposterior chest radiograph displays diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates with prominent air bronchograms and low lung volumes. What is the primary underlying pathophysiology?

Developmental deficiency of pulmonary surfactant and structural alveolar immaturity Bacterial pneumonia secondary to Group B Streptococcus intra-amniotic infection Delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid secondary to caesarean delivery Meconium aspiration causing small airway obstruction and chemical pneumonitis

Correct Answer:

Developmental deficiency of pulmonary surfactant and structural alveolar immaturity

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