ABP Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Practice Questions - ABP Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Subspecialty Certification Examination Exam

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A 27-week preterm infant develops progressive respiratory distress within the first hour of life with grunting, retractions, and a ground-glass chest radiograph. Surfactant replacement works primarily by which mechanism?

Lowering alveolar surface tension to prevent end-expiratory collapse Increasing pulmonary vascular resistance to improve V/Q matching Stimulating type I pneumocyte proliferation Accelerating fetal lung liquid clearance via ENaC channels

Correct Answer:

Lowering alveolar surface tension to prevent end-expiratory collapse

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