University Of Central Florida (UCF) PSY2012 General Psychology Final Practice Exam

Operant conditioning is defined as a learning process where behavior is controlled by its consequences, specifically rewards or punishments. This concept, pioneered by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes that behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they are followed by positive outcomes (reinforcement) and less likely to be repeated if they lead to negative outcomes (punishment). In this framework, the learner actively engages with the environment, and their behavior is shaped through the consequences that follow. For instance, a child who receives praise (a reward) for completing their homework may be more likely to repeat that behavior in the future. Conversely, if they face a consequence, such as being scolded for acting out, they may be discouraged from engaging in that behavior again. The other options do not accurately capture the essence of operant conditioning. Imitation is more closely related to observational learning. Spontaneous behavior does not involve the structured consequences seen in operant conditioning, and while eliminating undesirable behavior can be part of operant conditioning, it does not encompass the broader process that includes reinforcing desirable behavior as well.