OnRamps Biology Practice Test

What best summarizes the main cellular difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have a nucleus; eukaryotes do not. Eukaryotes lack ribosomes. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have both. Both types have mitochondria.

Correct Answer:

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have both.

Explanation:

The key difference is how the cell organizes its interior: eukaryotic cells keep their DNA in a nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize different functions, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound compartments. Prokaryotes still have DNA, but it’s not enclosed in a nucleus, and their internal structure isn’t divided by membranes the way eukaryotes are. Both types have ribosomes to make proteins, but only eukaryotes have the nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria. So the best summary is that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have both.

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