NBME Histology Practice Test

Which gastric cell type secretes intrinsic factor?

Chief cells Mucous neck cells Enteroendocrine cells Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Correct Answer:

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Explanation:

Intrinsic factor is produced by parietal (oxyntic) cells in the stomach. These acid-secreting cells not only release hydrochloric acid to help digest proteins and create an acidic environment, but they also secrete intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein essential for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 in the terminal ileum. Other gastric cell types have different roles: chief cells secrete pepsinogen, mucous neck cells produce protective mucus, and enteroendocrine cells release hormones like gastrin. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be effectively absorbed, leading to pernicious anemia despite adequate intake.

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