Jones & Bartlett Learning (JBL) Module 4A Practice Exam

Opioid overdose primarily causes dangerous respiratory depression, so the first and most effective action is to reverse that effect with an opioid antagonist and support breathing as needed. Naloxone quickly binds to opioid receptors, displacing the opioids and restoring normal respiration and consciousness. Administering naloxone promptly and providing assisted ventilation if the person isn’t breathing adequately directly addresses the life-threatening part of the overdose. Flumazenil targets benzodiazepines, not opioids, and can be unpredictable in mixed overdoses, potentially causing seizures or withdrawal symptoms. That’s why it isn’t appropriate here. Giving oxygen through a nasal cannula helps with oxygenation but does not treat the underlying respiratory depression, so on its own it isn’t sufficient. Waiting for spontaneous recovery ignores the immediate danger and can lead to fatal outcome. Finally, after naloxone, monitor for re-narcotization because some opioids last longer than the reversal agent, and be prepared to repeat dosing or escalate care as needed.