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Jones & Bartlett Learning (JBL) Module 2 Practice Exam

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The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:
Correct Answer:
carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
In aerobic metabolism, fuels are fully oxidized to carbon dioxide and water to generate ATP. The primary waste product is carbon dioxide because carbon atoms are released as CO2 during the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and again during each turn of the citric acid cycle. Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water as another byproduct, but CO2 is the main gaseous waste released. Lactic acid arises when oxygen is scarce and glycolysis continues anaerobically, pyruvic acid is an intermediate that feeds into the acetyl-CoA formation, and ATP is the energy molecule produced, not a waste product.

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