JCJC Human Growth And Development Practice Test

The main idea being tested is how early experiences shape trust in the world. In infancy, the key task is forming trust versus mistrust. When caregivers consistently and promptly meet an infant’s basic needs—food, comfort, warmth—the baby learns that people can be relied upon and that the world is a safe place. This leads to the virtue of hope: a basic expectation that things will generally work out because support is available. If care is inconsistent or neglectful, the infant may develop mistrust, growing up with insecurity about whether others will be there to help. This foundation then influences how they approach future relationships and challenges. The other stages listed occur later and involve growing independence (autonomy), taking initiative (initiative), and developing a sense of competence (industry), each with its own associated virtue.