ENADE Enfermagem Practice Questions - ENADE Enfermagem - Exame Nacional De Desempenho Dos Estudantes (Enfermagem) Exam

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An alert, fully oriented 42-year-old adult patient diagnosed with severe anemia secondary to gastrointestinal bleeding explicitly refuses homologous blood transfusion based on deeply held religious beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness, while consenting to non-blood alternative volume expanders and medical therapies. In clinical bioethics and Brazilian medical-legal jurisprudence, which bioethical principle protects this patient's right to self-determination when fully informed of risks?

Beneficence (Beneficência), which empowers the healthcare team to override the patient's refusal whenever medical judgment deems a procedure life-saving. Paternalism (Paternalismo Médico), which legally obligates the registered nurse to administer blood components against patient refusal in hospital settings. Autonomy (Autonomia), which guarantees a competent person's moral and legal right to make informed decisions about their own body and medical treatments. Non-maleficence (Não Maleficência), which defines blood component refusal as an act of self-harm that invalidates the patient's legal competence.

Correct Answer:

Autonomy (Autonomia), which guarantees a competent person's moral and legal right to make informed decisions about their own body and medical treatments.

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