Praxis Practice Exam 51 Questions And Answers
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The school psychologist is attending a meeting for Miguel, a kindergarten student who has been refusing to come to school. The teacher reports that when Miguel does come to school he frequently complains of not feeling well and asks to go home. Of the following options, which should be explored first and would likely result in the most favorable outcome for Miguel?
A. Contacting Miguel's parents to discuss the problem and develop interventions
Option (A) is correct. Research shows that the more schools reach out and engage parents, the more they experience increased attendance. Contacting the parents and discussing the situation may provide insight as to why the child is avoiding school, and will involve the parents as important members of the team. Also, by including the parents, a relationship may develop so the parents feel comfortable sharing important information with the team about the child's home life.
Option (A) is correct. Research shows that the more schools reach out and engage parents, the more they experience increased attendance. Contacting the parents and discussing the situation may provide insight as to why the child is avoiding school, and will involve the parents as important members of the team. Also, by including the parents, a relationship may develop so the parents feel comfortable sharing important information with the team about the child's home life.
Ms. Gillem, a fifth-grade teacher, is concerned about Elizabeth, a student in her class. Elizabeth has always been an excellent student, but lately her grades have slipped slightly and she has been talking to other students during class time. Ms. Gillem tells the school psychologist that she thinks Elizabeth is bored and not challenged by the material. Which of the following is the school psychologist's best approach to address the situation?
C. Assessing Elizabeth with an individual intelligence test to see if she should be in a gifted-education program
Option (C) is correct. Elizabeth has been an outstanding student. Her conversations with other students may be an indication that she is not being challenged enough by the current curriculum. An individual intelligence test will indicate whether Elizabeth meets the criteria for inclusion in the gifted-education program.
Option (C) is correct. Elizabeth has been an outstanding student. Her conversations with other students may be an indication that she is not being challenged enough by the current curriculum. An individual intelligence test will indicate whether Elizabeth meets the criteria for inclusion in the gifted-education program.
In child therapy, the primary goal of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is to teach a child
B. to identify and change irrational beliefs underlying psychological difficulties
Option (B) is correct. The primary goal of rational emotive behavior therapy is to teach children to identify and change irrational beliefs underlying psychological difficulties so that they can view themselves and others in a sensible and rational manner.
Option (B) is correct. The primary goal of rational emotive behavior therapy is to teach children to identify and change irrational beliefs underlying psychological difficulties so that they can view themselves and others in a sensible and rational manner.
The school psychologist is considering intervention options for a student who never talks during class, lunch, or recess. The teacher is having difficulty assessing the student's knowledge. At home, the student talks in front of immediate family members when in the house only. The parents are frustrated and feel the student is purposely being defiant. Which of the following should be the psychologist's first step to address the issue?
B. Implementing strategies aimed at reducing anxiety
Option (B) is correct. It is likely that the student has selective mutism, which is typically anxiety based and a reaction to social situations, not the result of a speech or language deficit. The best approach is to try to reduce anxiety, then pursue more aggressive options if there is no improvement.
Option (B) is correct. It is likely that the student has selective mutism, which is typically anxiety based and a reaction to social situations, not the result of a speech or language deficit. The best approach is to try to reduce anxiety, then pursue more aggressive options if there is no improvement.
Third grader Jia Li is referred to the Child Study Team due to concerns regarding low work-completion rates and off-task behavior during independent work time in math. One member of the team suggests an individual behavioral intervention, and another suggests a Tier 2 math intervention. The psychologist's best course of action is to
D. ask questions about Jia Li's behavior under various conditions, and then conduct an assessment to determine whether the problem is academic or behavioral
Option (D) is correct. Initially asking questions about Jia Li's behavior helps provide background for the assessment. The school psychologist should determine if the academic performance problem is due to a skills deficit (i.e., the child does not have the skills necessary to be successful on the task) or a performance deficit (i.e., the child has the skills but chooses not to use them). If a child does not have the academic skills, then an academic intervention is used, whereas if the child has the skills but does not use them regularly, behavioral intervention is more appropriate.
Option (D) is correct. Initially asking questions about Jia Li's behavior helps provide background for the assessment. The school psychologist should determine if the academic performance problem is due to a skills deficit (i.e., the child does not have the skills necessary to be successful on the task) or a performance deficit (i.e., the child has the skills but chooses not to use them). If a child does not have the academic skills, then an academic intervention is used, whereas if the child has the skills but does not use them regularly, behavioral intervention is more appropriate.
A student's parents are divorced, and the mother has requested that a report of the student's reevaluation not be sent to the father. There is no court order or written agreement between the parents limiting custody for either parent. In keeping with best practices, what should the school psychologist do first concerning the test results?
C. Consult with the mother about the benefits of sharing educational records with the father
Option (C) is correct. A parent will only be prevented from participating in his or her child's education if a court order specifically denies visitation rights. Additionally, the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) best practices recommend, and research supports, parental involvement from both parents, stating that it is paramount to a child's educational success.
Option (C) is correct. A parent will only be prevented from participating in his or her child's education if a court order specifically denies visitation rights. Additionally, the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) best practices recommend, and research supports, parental involvement from both parents, stating that it is paramount to a child's educational success.
Which of the following is true when considering the use of assistive technology to enhance learning opportunities for students with disabilities?
B. Both devices and services should be considered.
Option (B) is correct. Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), technology is mandated to help enhance learning opportunities for students with disabilities. Two elements are defined in IDEA for assistive technology: devices and services. Devices are equipment-related, while services involve modification of environments, adaptations of assessment procedures, or training others to work with the child.
Option (B) is correct. Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), technology is mandated to help enhance learning opportunities for students with disabilities. Two elements are defined in IDEA for assistive technology: devices and services. Devices are equipment-related, while services involve modification of environments, adaptations of assessment procedures, or training others to work with the child.
Which of the following seventh-grade students is demonstrating intrinsic motivation?
B. Suresh reads many books in addition to those assigned for classes because he loves to read.
Option (B) is correct. Intrinsically motivated individuals strive to achieve because of internal factors, such as curiosity and the desire to learn, not because of external rewards, such as grades or championship titles.
Option (B) is correct. Intrinsically motivated individuals strive to achieve because of internal factors, such as curiosity and the desire to learn, not because of external rewards, such as grades or championship titles.
Dr. Jantz, a school psychologist, is reviewing data on the number of hours that school psychologists in his school district spent in direct service over the past five years. He notes that the time spent in one-on-one contact with students nearly doubled over that time period. Which of the following are plausible explanations for the change in direct-contact hours?
A. Teachers are making more referrals because their familiarity with the school psychologists is increasing.
B. Symptoms are being identified more frequently because of training and experience among staff members.
D. The school psychologists prefer doing one-on-one work with the students, so they are doing more of it.
Options (A), (B), and (D) are correct. The school psychologists in Dr. Jantz's school may be experiencing a greater amount of one-on-one time with students because of a greater number of teacher referrals, because increased training means that staff are recognizing symptoms earlier, or because the school psychologists enjoy meeting the students and encourage them to come in.
B. Symptoms are being identified more frequently because of training and experience among staff members.
D. The school psychologists prefer doing one-on-one work with the students, so they are doing more of it.
Options (A), (B), and (D) are correct. The school psychologists in Dr. Jantz's school may be experiencing a greater amount of one-on-one time with students because of a greater number of teacher referrals, because increased training means that staff are recognizing symptoms earlier, or because the school psychologists enjoy meeting the students and encourage them to come in.
A school district pilots a newly developed math instruction program in one of its six elementary schools in order to see if it raises student math scores. If the program is successful, the school district will begin the time-consuming process of training teachers in the remaining five elementary schools in the new program. During the pilot implementation period, teachers in the five elementary schools increase their teaching efforts using the old method so they will not have to learn the new method. The result is a significant improvement in their students' math scores. Which of the following best explains the change in the teachers' efforts and the increase in math scores?
A. John Henry effect
Option (A) is correct. The John Henry effect essentially causes competitive behaviors between the control group and the experimental group in a study. In this scenario, the teachers are acting competitively by increasing their teaching efforts.
Option (A) is correct. The John Henry effect essentially causes competitive behaviors between the control group and the experimental group in a study. In this scenario, the teachers are acting competitively by increasing their teaching efforts.