FCLE Supreme Courts Cases 37 Questions And Answers
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Engle v. Vitale (1962)
The state can't hold prayers in public schools, even if participation is not required.
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Allowed states to provide textbooks and busing to students attending private religious schools. Established 3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated: nonsecular purpose, advances/inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government.
Schneck v. United States (1919)
Government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Public school students may wear armbands to class protesting against America's war in Vietnam when such display does not disrupt classes
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Flag-burning is symbolic speech with a political purpose and is protected by 1st Amendment.
New York Times v United States (1971)
Government can almost never use prior restraint (crossing out sections of an article before publication)-protections for the press were established here. The government sought to prevent the publication of these "Pentagon Papers" by the New York Times. Court held that executive efforts to prevent the publication violated the 1st Amendment were forbidden
Miller v. California (1973)
Supreme Court decision that avoided defining obscenity by holding that community standards be used to determine whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to a "prurient interest" and being "patently offensive" and lacking in value
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court's judicial activism.
New Jersey v. T.L.O (1985)
Supreme court case in which it was decided that a student may be searched if there is "reasonable ground" for doing so.
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police.